`isNaN()` attempts to convert its argument to a number before checking if it's NaN, while `Number.isNaN()` explicitly checks for NaN without conversion, making the latter more accurate and robust in modern JavaScript environments (ECMAScript 6 and above).
JavaScript's default parameters allow developers to define fallback values for function arguments, improving code readability and flexibility. Introduced in ECMAScript 2015 (ES6), they reduce boilerplate code and make functions more versatile, but should be used judiciously with simple values as defaults.
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