Explains the circuit breaker pattern for resilient distributed systems: detect failing services, halt calls to prevent cascades, and test recovery through closed/open/half-open states. Implementable via Hystrix/Polly, custom logic, or service meshes like Istio/Linkerd. Delivers fault isolation, quicker recovery, better UX, and reduced load; an e-commerce payment outage illustrates a self-healing workflow.
Event-driven architecture enables distributed systems to be highly responsive, resilient, and adaptable to changing requirements, revolving around producing, detecting, and reacting to events, allowing multiple services to communicate seamlessly. It offers benefits like scalability, flexibility, and resilience but also presents challenges like event corruption, duplication, and distributed transactions.
Modern apps outgrow monoliths, which are rigid, costly to scale, and fragile. Microservices split systems into small, API-driven services that can be built, deployed, and scaled independently, improving resilience, flexibility, and resource use. Success needs service decomposition, API-first and async patterns, plus CI/CD and monitoring; leaders like Netflix and Amazon showcase the approach.
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